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Progress and Its Problems: Towards a Theory of Scientific Growth Larry Laudan
Publisher: University of California Press

Progress and Its Problems: Toward a Theory of Scientific Growth. This version became known as Heuristic-DENDRAL. Progress and Its Problems: Towards a Theory of Scientific Growth. I do think Laudan at least makes a good case that the rationality of scientists accepting a theory can be understood in terms of how effective the theory is at solving the problems the scientists are concerned with. Most importantly, Laudan implicitly assumes that we can't specify a standard for measuring scientific progress (say, truth) if we have no epistemic access to evidence that would allow evaluation of how far science has progressed towards that standard. It used heuristic search to determine solutions for the chemical structures responsible for the spectra, and was the first application of AI to a problem of scientific reasoning. To determine However the explosive growth of scientific progress in the 19th Century quickly consumed more money than scientists could supply privately, and so new sources of funding became necessary. This observational study and literature review aggregate what is known regarding the quantity and quality of terrestrial ecosystems - particularly old-growth and primary forests - necessary to sustain the biosphere. Researchers presently use the grant-peer review system to get funding and this system has been criticized for diluting the effort towards pure, theoretical research by encouraging researchers to investigate applied science ventures of questionable scientific merit. Their refusal to engage on issues of economic injustice and equity blocks progress towards cooperative solutions to environmental and social ills, and lessens the prospects of achieving mid-to-long term global ecological sustainability.